The searches that end in a phone call
When someone searches "electrician near me" or "best coffee shop in Portland," they're not doing research — they're looking to act, usually soon and usually nearby. These local searches are among the most valuable in all of search, because the person behind them is a customer standing at the edge of a decision.
Local SEO is the discipline of winning those searches. It's a distinct branch of SEO focused on geography: making sure that when a person in your service area searches for what you offer, your business is the one that shows up. For a local business, this is often the single highest-return marketing that exists, because you're being placed in front of ready-to-buy customers at the exact moment they're looking.